Lady Gag The Most Talented And Awarded Artist Of Her Time

Lady Gaga is one of the most talented and awarded artist of her time. Her early life growing up is relatively normal, but as her life transpires, she becomes erotic with her life choices, music, and clothes. Information from her past to present life gives insight into what makes her a superb artist, and it helps bystanders acquire a more kin understanding of Gaga’s life. Gaga is more formally known by her birth name Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (B and G), and in most biographies her name is mentioned in this form. Lady Gaga’s upbringing is of the norm, and it is described as a more upper class lifestyle. She is from the Upper West Side of Manhattan where she is from an Italian raised family. Lady Gaga is relatively close to both†¦show more content†¦She is also a strong viewed feminist who believes women are entitled to the same that men are, so she uses Jo Calderone in her performances to show support for women and their rights. Germanotta believes by using Calderone she is breaking gender stereotypes for women and men (Kumari). Gaga’s sexuality is not her only characteristic considered out of the normal standards for society; she also has a very strange and peculiar choice in her clothing. Her clothes are considered one of her most famous trademarks, so without the erotic clothing she would not be the profound Lady Gaga individuals see her as. She is known to appear on stage dressed in men attire, and she wears bodysuits designed to make her look like someone from the space age. Gaga also dresses in clothing made entirely of meat to events where thousands of people attend such as the Grammys, and she is seen clothed in a dress at another event in a huge egg costume. Germanotta even copies her interviewers by dressing in their daily attire, and she even goes beyond clothing wearing the same hairstyle that the interviewer wears. She can also be seen wearing clothes made entirely of plastic bubbles, and shiny green ginormous heels are also not out the question for Gaga. Lady Gaga is pictured wearing an entire outfit made of material made to look like bones wearing bat wings and crystals for events and concerts. Her headwear is not anShow MoreRelatedIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesemphasis on Central dialects. 3. Marks vowels with subdots as in the present manuscript 4. Marks low, downst ep, rising and falling tones leaving high unmarked as in the present manuscript. 5. Has limited scientific names and technical vocabulary. The most striking feature of Igwe is that because it includes words from many dialects, it symbolises the aspiration and nasalisation that are distinctive for some Igbo dialects and thus uses a very wide array of consonant symbols. Both dictionaries have many

The Effects Of Workout Supplements On Young Adults

The interest of building a stronger and better performing body has been the ideal goal for many athletes. Whether an individual is a professional athlete or a self- proclaimed athlete the importance of workout supplements is on the rise. Workout supplements come in various forms and have evolved from just steroid use. They have become increasingly popular over the past few years due to the popularity and the attention that has been brought to them. With the growth of social media came the growth of workout supplement usage. Social media influencers are often paid to endorse products that they may or may not use. Instagram is a well-known social media website that is recognized for individuals posting images of themselves promoting workout supplements often times with discount codes. The current trend is to weight-lift to build muscles, while this itself has many health benefits—the usage of workout supplements is what may have potential side effects. Social media targets peopl e throughout the world but young adults are the ones that are primarily target, in which they attracted to the fitness trend. While this is not limited to young adults, this tends to be the audience that has the most interest to build their ideal body. Many factors may lead as to why young adults would turn to dietary supplements. Social media being a large contributor, as it has brought tremendous awareness to the existence of such products. Young adults are in a transitioning phase in their lifeShow MoreRelatedNutrition Is Essential Component Of Physical Fitness And Performance1012 Words   |  5 Pagesadditional supplements needed for people who engages in physical activities more than the others? In the past decades, many workout supplementation has gained vast majority of popularity among young males who attempts to enhance their strength and physical performances. 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Knowing that amino acids have a role in muscle hypertrophy when performing resistance training, many studies have investigated the effects of a variety of amino acid based diets on net muscle protein synthesis. These studies investigated if the timing of ingestion in relation to the bout of resistance exercise had a considerable effect on muscle hypertrophy, if all amino acids were equally important for protein synthesis, if some protein sources were more efficient than others and

Risk Tolerance in Financial Decision Making

Question: Discuss about the Risk Tolerance in Financial Decision Making. Answer: Introduction: This report is based on the Harvey Norman Holdings Limited's 2015 annual report. Harvey Norman is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange as a public company operating in the security exchange market. This report will analyze the company's 2015 book value of debt and the book value of equity. Conversely, Harvey Norman's Interest Rate Risk Management has also been scrutinized as well. Harvey Norman's book value of debt As at 30th June 2015, Harvey Norman's book value of debts stood at $ 1,801,684 million which was an increment from $1,715,025 during the 2014 financial year. The book value of debt comprises of both the current liabilities which stood at $1,283,079 and non-current liabilities which was $ 518,605. Both categories of liabilities were increased between the financial years 2014 and 2015. Harvey Norman's book value of equity As at 30th June 2015, Harvey Norman's book value of equity stood at $2,556,860 which was an increment from $ 2,491,106 during the 2014 financial year. The total value of equity is made up of; a) contributed equity at $ 380, 328; b) Reserves at $ 113, 290; c) retained profit at $ 2,043, 463; and d) Non-controlling interests at 19,779. All these categories of equity, as listed in the company's annual report, had all increment between the 2014 and 2015 financial years. Harvey Norman's Interest Rate Risk Management According to the company's 2015 annual report, Interest Rate Risk Management has defined as "The risk that movements in variable interest rates will affect financial performance by increasing interest expenses or reducing interest income (Campbell, 2014, p. 23)." The company's interest rate risk during the 2015 financial year arose from balance sheet items such as bills payable, cash and cash equivalents, bank overdraft, borrowings, non-trade debts and non-trade debts owed to related parties and directors. Harvey Norman's interest rate risks range between 0.01% and 12% according to respective items named above. The following table shows a summarized interest rate risks according to different balance sheet items: Balance sheet items Interest rate risk Floating Fixed Cash 0.20%-3.60% 0.01%-4.10% Loans 9.00% Receivables 10.00%-12.00% Non-trade debtors loans 4.32%-12.22% 7.00%-12.00% Borrowings 0.47%-5.93% Interest rate swaps 5.21%-5.54% Other loans 3.07%-4.22% Bank overdraft 1.97%-6.68% Bills payable 2.08%-2.72% Finance lease liabilities 9.50% Other financial liabilities 5.21%-5.54% Note: As a consolidated entity, The Company pays its interests at different floating rates to prevent the risk interest rates from increasing. Sensitivity analysis on the companys interest rate risks The Harvey Norman holding uses a sensitivity of 50 basis point decrease and 50 basis point increase based on the fluctuation of the Australian dollar exchange rate both in the short and long run. The interest rate risk analysis shows that in the event that the rates moved, the after tax profit would be affected (other factors remaining constant) (Harvey Mayne, 2016, p. 122). The change in the post-tax profit is caused by lower/ higher interest rates from cash balances and variable rates of debts. Likewise, the movement experienced in the comprehensive income resulted from decrease/ increase in the fair value of cash flow items. The movement of interest rate experienced in 2015 was less sensitive compared to those in 2014 (Harvey Mayne, 2016, p. 123). References list Campbell, J. Y., 2014. The Econometrics of Financial Markets. Princeton University Press: Washington, DC. Guenther, D. A., 2004. Financial Reporting and Analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill. Harvey, N. Mayne, J., 2016. 2015 Annual Report: Harvey Norman Holdings Limited, Kent Street, Sydney NSW: Harvey Norman Holdings Limited. Kaplan, D., 2012. Introduction To Financial Statement Analysis. New Delhi, India: The Kaplan Group. Lucarelli, C., 2011. Risk Tolerance in Financial Decision Making. Washington: Palgrave Macmillan Studies.

Cultural Identity free essay sample

â€Å"Representation; refers to the way people, events, issues or subjects are presented in a text. The term implies that texts are not mirrors of the real world – they are constructions of ‘reality’. These constructions can be shaped through the writer’s use of conventions and techniques.†1 Cultural identity; â€Å"the identity of a group, culture or individual as far as one is influenced by one’s belonging to a group or culture.†2 The epic drama Australia, (2008), by award-winning director Baz Luhrmann, is the second highest grossing film in Australia’s history. Australia is set during the Second World War. A context and time different from ours and therefore one, which allows for an examination of cultural identity and those values, beliefs and attitudes which we as a nation have, normalized and some of which we have challenged. The setting allows cultural beliefs to be exaggerated and also contradictory to the majority of today’s beliefs, therefore creating a larger response from the viewer. These cultural beliefs – representations of the time – are both challenged and normalized throughout the film. This includes the belief that Australia was a typical wild-west nation and the cultural attitude that the indigenous race was inferior. These beliefs are fundamentally raised through the use of various writer’s filmic techniques. These techniques used by Luhrmann include the use of dialogue, symbolism, camera lengths and repetition. It is through these techniques that Luhrmann raises various cultural beliefs throughout the film. A significant cultural belief that is represented in the film Australia is the attitude that Australia was viewed as a mysterious and often Wild West nation. This representation is strongly normalized throughout the film. Luhrmann uses filmic techniques including the use of dialogue, camera angles and scenery to portray this cultural identity. â€Å"But Lady Sarah Ashley (Nicole Kidman), its Australia,† says her butler (Peter Gwynne). Through the use of dialogue, Luhrmann has encouraged a negative viewpoint towards Australia. Emphasizing â€Å"Australia† has the effects of portraying Australia as a real unknown, unpredictable and dangerous nation. Another technique is the use of panning and craning camera angles. The effect of this filmic  technique is that it enables the Australian landscape at large to be in view. Within this view we as the viewer acknowledge a truly Wild-western theme. This is seen through the barren landscape and constant swirling of dust. Furthermore this dust is a constant motif throughout the movie. The dust is interchangeable throughout as smoke or mist amongst other substances. The effects of this motif are to further add to the mysteriousness of Australia. Further use of dialogue reinforces this cultural belief. â€Å"Carney (Bryan Brown) is the authority around here†. Through the use of dialogue Luhrmann has encouraged Australia to be viewed as a typical Wild West nation. This is because, as seen in the Wild West, a big business owner (King Carney) has the power of the town. It is even more stereotypical that he is a cattle baron, with baron having the connotations of power and greed. It is through these filmic techniques that Luhrmann has normalized the cultural belief that Australia is a mysterious and typical Wild West nation in his representations of cultural identity. A cultural attitude that is represented by Luhrmann is that the indigenous race is inferior to the white peoples race. This cultural identity is both normalized and challenged throughout the film Australia. A significant method Luhrmann has used to portray this attitude is through the dialogue and attitude of characters throughout the film. â€Å"It’s a fact of science that the Aboriginal mother soon forgets her offspring†. This quote provides an extremely negative representation that supports the cultural identity that the indigenous race is inferior to white people. This is seen how the quote likens an Aboriginal mother to an animal, who forgets their offspring. Furthermore, the basis that it is simply a ‘fact of science’, something we know not to be true, portrays how strong this cultural identity was at the time. â€Å"I’m as good as black up there†. This quote from the Drover truly typifies the lack of understanding of racism at the time. We come to understand the Drover as one of the strong supporters of the indigenous throughout the movie. However, in this quote, the Drover basically suggests being black is a bad thing. This is a typical representation of understandings at the time. Even those who were against racism still lacked the knowledge to understand what drove racism and committed racism themselves. This is still seen today (Harry O’Brien saga). Nonetheless this  representation may be reinforced for the majority of the movie but there are parts where it is challenged. Lady Ashley states â€Å"Jus t because it is doesn’t mean it should be†. This statement is broad, however it is identifying that just because something is accepted by society, doesn’t mean it is the correct approach. Specifically, she is relating this to racism and the belief that the indigenous are inferior. Ashley challenges the belief that the indigenous are viewed as inferior. This displays that Luhrmann for the majority of Australia normalizes the representation that the indigenous are inferior, however in small doses challenges it. Luhrmann raises this representation of cultural identity through the use of various filmic techniques including dialogue. A last strong representation seen in Australia is the cultural belief that men and women are not equal. In the film, Luhrmann normalizes the cultural identity that men are superior to women. This cultural belief is reinforced through the use of dialogue and setting. Throughout Australia there is a recurring theme that women are inferior to men. For example, the bartender states â€Å"No women† are allowed in the bar. They are required to go to their own segregated lounge in the dungy, back of the bar. This use of setting in the bar reiterates this cultural belief. Another example is the proceedings in town when a dance with the women of the town is sold to the highest bidder. It conveys the idea that women are items that can be bought. This strong use of symbolism reinforces the cultural belief that women are inferior. Another example is the second time Lady Ashley enters the bar, the bartender again states â€Å"no women†. The use of repetition reiterates this representation. Eventually, she is granted a drink, however she is only permitted it due to her incredible trek across the â€Å"Never-never†. This represents that women have to prove themselves to be worthy to society, whilst men are just accepted. Luhrmann constantly reiterates this belief throughout the film in different examples to identify the problems seen in a pre-feministic world. He displays these problems through his representation of the cultural belief that women are inferior to men. This cultural identity is normalized through the use filmic techniques includi ng symbolism and dialogue. In the film Australia, Baz Luhrmann displays various representations of different cultural identities seen during the Second World War in a pre-feministic era. This includes the normalized cultural belief that women are inferior to men. He also normalizes the cultural belief that Australia is seen as a mysterious and ‘Wild-western’ nation. Lastly, he normalizes, and in some parts challenges, the cultural attitude that the indigenous are viewed as inferior to white people. Luhrmann displays these representations of cultural identities with filmic techniques including dialogue, symbolism and camera angles. This is how Baz Luhrmann has raised representations of cultural identities in the film Australia through the use of filmic techniques. Furthermore Luhrmann normalizes and/or challenges these representations of cultural identities by filmic techniques.

A profit margin Essays

A profit margin Essays A profit margin Essay A profit margin Essay Already highly competitive and overcrowded market; establishing a new name in this area would be very difficult and an expensive business.  As Giusti is a well established firm in this sector with a worldwide customer base it has already overcome these threats of entry. The company however is constantly looking to widen its product range; recently in the field of storage silos and homogenisers for cosmetic creams. In the new product range these barriers do exist and Giusti struggles in this area, as it does not have sufficient personnel to develop these new ranges. As a result we find that new products are evolutionary rather than revolutionary. The company tends to develop products on the job, and this is a practice common with small engineering companies. It is beneficial in that it keeps overheads low but when the newly developed product does not perform as anticipated then the rectification costs can escalate as generally the unit is on site at a customers factory.  Becomix, who are a German competitor of Giusti, have similar problems but a higher level of manning so development can be carried out along side production engineering. Threat Of Substitutes  Manufacturing in the United Kingdom has been on a general slow down for a number of years now and this is reflected in the customer base Giusti has in this country. Along with other process equipment suppliers Giusti has accepted that, especially in the food sector, the use of second hand vessels and pumps etc is becoming more and more common due to constraints on expansion budgets. As a result the company has formed close ties with second hand equipment stockists and, where appropriate, will offer the option of using new or pre-used equipment. Bargaining Power Of Suppliers  The price of stainless steel is elevated due to surcharges for nickel content, but this is fairly constant and common to competitors. Occasionally a customer may specify that a particular manufacturer of ancillary equipment be used in a project and in cases like these it is very difficult to negotiate significant discounts.  Giustis prices have been known to be at the upper end of the market scale in the past and great efforts have been made over the last nine years to reduce the cost of the equipment by increasing the efficiencies in the factory (purchasing seam-welding equipment, the increasing use of computer controlled laser cutting, economic batching of standard components, etc.), value-engineering the equipment to reduce materials used, required fabrication, machining, polishing, and fitting time on the shop floor. The efficiency increases have resulted in the company being able to use a nine year old pricing list for current, and much improved, equipment. The area that is still expensive is the control systems and bought out components.  The company has been aware for some time that many bought out components (valves, pumps, gear units, electrical equipment, etc.) are manufactured in India and the Far East, shipped to Europe and then distributed on to the customer. In setting up an office in India three years ago the company is endeavouring to cut out the European middle-man and gain the cost saving. Ironing out the reliability and quality issues with these suppliers is key to this initiatives long-term success. Bargaining Power Of Buyers  In recent years the customer base serviced by Giusti has seen a rationalization; with pharmaceutical companies merging, e.g. SmithKline Beecham and Glaxo Wellcome now knows as Glaxo SmithKline (GSK), and firms such as Avon Cosmetics relocating to save on production costs, i.e. moving production from Northampton to Poland. As a supplier to these companies Giusti now have fewer customers but the buyers that remain now have greater bargaining power. In a suppliers seminar held by GSK in the last year they stated that all suppliers were to reduce prices across the board by 21% if they were to remain on the recommended suppliers list. As stated earlier Giusti has made great efforts to reduce production costs in an attempt to maintain profitability but when customers such as H. J. Heinz hold tendering auctions on-line and award the contract to the lowest bidder then there is a point where a line is to be drawn between maintaining a busy factory and maintaining a profit margin.  Becomix do not enter into pricing or delivery time battles, relying on the quality of their products. The price on the box is the price that everyone pays and stated delivery may go back, but never be improved on. They have a perceived added value that is high and is sufficient to bear a price and delivery premium.

Are Eyewitnesses Reliable essays

Are Eyewitnesses Reliable essays Studies say that even though 50% of eyewitness testimonies are wrong, the information given to the jury by a confident eyewitness beats the reliable facts of fingerprints and DNA. Researchers have studied the affects of eyewitness testimony and it is said that incorrect eyewitness identifications account for more convictions of innocent people than any other causes combined. Two studies have shown that after being questioned for a crime, positive feedback by police enforcers or other investigators made the eyewitness more confident, even if there answer was wrong. Unfortunately, how confident people are about making identifications doesn't necessarily reflect how accurate their identification is. In fact, an eyewitness' degree of certainty is quite flexible and can easily become overblown. "Confidence levels can be influenced by external factors that have nothing to do with the witness's actual memories or perceptions of the event." (psychologist, Elizabeth Brimacombe). I believe that eyewitness testimony should not be used in court cases in which it is the only factor of determining the defendant's future. Other factors should be considered. In some cases, the jury may not understand the concept of DNA and might not understand the importance and the accuracy of it. They have to understand also, that the witnesses are not lying or being deceptive, they are moral citizens and are trying to be contributive. In order to understand why eyewitnesses have such a high incorrectness level, it is important to know a few things about memory. A person's memory does not function like a video recorder. It is more like static, which changes and fluctuates over time. When someone experiences a consequential event, they remember only fragments of the situation and re-associate the information with previously stored memories and also prior expectations. Often times an event occurs in a split second and accurate details about the ev ...

Hydrogels Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hydrogels - Term Paper Example A hydrogel construction can be described as a three-dimensional jetty is made up of linear polymer chains with covalent connections, which are in turn connected together by further cross-connections. These cross-connections could be covalent, ionic grafts or crystal sections [2]. Hydrogels form due to polarity and hydrophilic nature of polar groups existing between the polymer chains cross-connections that render it insoluble. There are several known methods of synthesizing hydrogels, some of which are explained below. A simple method of constructing hydrogels is by crosslinking water-soluble polymers (with functional groups like -OH, -COOH, -NH2) in solution. In solution co-polymerization reactions, ionic or neutral monomers are mixed with a multi-functional crosslinking agent. The reaction is initiated thermally using UV-light, or by a redox initiator system. The solvent serves as heat sink and minimizes temperature control problems. The reaction is carried out in an organic solvent to prevent water from reacting with the crosslinking agent. Once crosslinked, the resultant hydrogels are washed with distilled water to remove any unreacted monomers, crosslinking agent, and the initiator. Equation 1 shows one such solution polymerization reaction conducted on 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate monomers to form a hydrogel. This solution crosslinking method is often advantageous since the starting material used can be a well-characterized, purified polymer, and the crosslinking conditions required are mild enough to be carried out in the presence of an active agent. For example, poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels are prepared from hydroxyethyl methacrylate by this method, using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinking agent [3]. The hydrogels synthesized can be made pH- sensitive or temperature-sensitive as required by incorporating methacrylic acid or N-isopropylacrylamide [4] as monomers. Ionizing radiation, such as Co-ÃŽ ³ or

Unhappy Customers Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unhappy Customers - Personal Statement Example Unhappy customers On the other hand a satisfied customer pulls number of other customers towards the organization and service. Customers help defining success in a way that they set benchmarks for what is in demand, and things that need to be avoided or are out of date. For them its more about quality than the costs, they are willing to pay more for comfort and quality rather than low quality and more hassle of repair and low productivity. The policies so made should be customer centric. Customers’ response is related to the online sales and services as well as the physical world businesses responses. A relationship matrix can be defined in this way to identify all the factors and benefits that may be achieved through successful implementation of customer response and satisfaction. A prime example in this regard was seen when a musician had his guitar damaged in an aero plane flight and when the compensation was demanded, it was not provided; the same musician went on to make a song on the Unit ed Airlines services and this incident and ended up with millions of views to his video and song, this earned the company a bad name, and in the end they had to apologize and provide compensation, all to customer dissatisfaction (Cheryl Hamilton 2010). Customer Relationship Management is an approach towards establishing a relationship with the customers and working to their satisfaction and demand, in other words, a key to success. C.R.M stresses upon focusing on individual customer rather than masses, this helps knowing the customer behavior, the past experiences. The entire process would focus on the manufacturing strategy, the services to be provided after the product is prepared. Customer identification, differentiation, and personalization are few important terms and phenomena that need to be taken into consideration while dealing with the customers since every customer has a different taste than other, and so is the demand and requirement. The differentiation aspect helps identifying the customers that are more regular, have larger stakes on hold, and are slightly sensitive to the subject and services, and since all resources might not be available every time, implementing them at the right place and towards the right custome r becomes important. Paretho Principle is another similar concept related to the customer response. It is also known as the 80-20 rule, and according to it, the 20 percent customers that makes up for 80 percent of the sales. It is being stated that cost of making a new customer is far higher than retaining one. Even the 5 percent customers retained, results in 25 percent increase in overall productivity of an organization (Ronald S.Swift 2001). Besides customer satisfaction the individual characteristic of the product or service defines the rate of customer turnover from any company or brand. Customer response is considered a Key performance Indicator (K.P.I) and based on its value; the company’s performance is measured in the marketing world. Surveys are being conducted about particular product or service, or the overall experience of the customers with the company, based on their response in the rating scale, further strategies are being devised that helps molding the struc ture of company according to the need of customers. A company must be open to claims, and repairs, however the best policy is to prevent rather than repair, it helps in many ways, not

Financial Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Management - Term Paper Example income statement (Profit & Loss Account), statement of financial position (Balance Sheet) and a statement of changes in financial position (Cash Flow Statement), it is called Accounting Ratio. Accounting Ratios are very powerful analytical tools for measuring performance of a business enterprise. The basic objectives of Ratio Analysis are: To provide a deeper analysis of the liquidity, solvency, profitability and activity levels of a business enterprise. To know about the potential areas that could be improved with more effort in the desired direction. To provide information for making inter-firm comparison and intra-firm comparison by comparing firm’s performance with best in the industry figures. The advantages of using Ratio Analysis are: These ratios help the management to analyze past performance and also to make future projections. Interested stakeholders as shareholders, investors, creditors and governments and independent analysts can evaluate certain aspects of a busi ness with the help of ratio Analysis. Accounting ratios provide an easy way to compare current performance with previous periods. These Ratios correctly elucidate the strengths and weaknesses of a firm’s operations and provide a clear insight about the financial health of a firm. Current Ratio The purpose of this ratio is to shed further light on the short-term solvency of the company and, more specifically, on its ability to pay the debts as they fall due, by calculating the relation between current assets and current liabilities. A widely used rule of the thumb is that a current ratio of 2:1 is an ‘ideal’ ratio. However, such a generalization is not always true. The standard ratio will vary from industry to industry and within the same industry from season to season, depending upon the rate at which current assets are converted into cash and how quickly current liabilities must be paid. The ratio cannot be accepted as adequate without considering the compositio n of its current assets and their liquidity. A high current ratio will not be a measure of solvency of business if the current assets are made up mainly of obsolete stock or debtors outstanding for a long time. The current ratio of PepsiCo is 1.44 (PepsiCo Inc., 2010) while that of Coca Cola is 1.13 (Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc., 2010). Though the current ratios of both the companies fall short of the ‘ideal’ standard but considering the fact that both are multinational beverages giants in their own right it must be said that PepsiCo scores over Coca-Cola in this regard as it is in a better position to honor its current liabilities as and when they fall due. Profitability Indicator Ratios Profitability ratios measure a concern’s degree of success in earning a return on sales or on investment. The rate of return on capital employed, often described as the primary ratio, relates the income earned from the company’s activities to the resources employed by the c ompany. The ratio indicates the efficiency with which the capital employed in the business is being utilized, and by comparison with other businesses it may provide a means of evaluating whether the management has the ability of to earn a reasonable income for the company with the resources at their disposal. There are a number of ways of computing rate of return on capital employed depending upon the definition of ‘capital employed’. The term ‘capital employed’ is used, in accountancy to signify three different financial totals: (i)

Gravity By Sara Bareilles | Review

Gravity By Sara Bareilles | Review Sara Bareilles is an American singer, songwriter, and pianist. She grew up in Eureka, CA, and at the age of 18 she moved to Los Angeles, CA to pursue her career (Sara Bareilles). According to She is a graduate of UCLAs Communication Studies Department. While in high school, she performed in community productions and also high school events. Although she was involved in numerous singing acts, she never had any training in either voice or piano. Bareilles has been a songwriter for almost all of her life. Her two first works, Star Sweeper and I Love a Parade, didnt win her any Grammies, but they are a representation of the fact that she has been song writing for a very long time (Sara Bareilles). According to Bareilles biography on Vh1.com, she began to perform in local bars and open-mic nights after she graduated college. After gaining enough confidence to feel comfortable on stage, she began to perform at local venues and musical festivals. She had made a CD, and began to shop it around and eventually signed a deal with Epic Records in April of 2005. A produced by the name of Eric Rosse worked with her the following February to help perfect her record. They worked on the record just over a year. Sara Bareilles second album was titled Little Voice and released in July 2007. Her first single Love Song and the album reached the Top Ten after being released (Sara Bareilles). She has been awarded four Grammies; two in 2008 and two in 2009. Historical Context Gravity was originally written for Bareilles first album entitled Careful Confessions (Careful Confessions). After she was signed to Epic Records and teamed up with Eric Rosse, the single was added to the track list for the album Little Voice. Gravity was written in the early 2000s. During this time there were many events happening which included George W. Bush being president, the major terrorist attack in New York, George Harrison died and the war in Iraq began (United States Timeline). These events probably didnt have much effect on Sara Bareilles reason for writing Gravity. Not much was found for her reasoning, but it was possibly based on past relationship that she has had, or a reflection on either one or multiple relationships. Analysis The overall theme of Gravity is how one can be drawn toward another person in their life, even if they dont want to. Sara Bareilles starts the song by Something always brings me back to you, It never takes too long, No matter what I say or do, I still feel you here til the moment Im gone (lines 1-4). Here she is saying that there is a force that is making her return to someone in little time, and it doesnt matter what she does to stop this or go in a different direction because there is always a feeling that she has that wants to be near, lets say, this man that is drawing her near. The second verse is You hold me without touch, You keep me without chains, I never wanted anything so much, Than to drown in your love and not feel your rain (lines 5-8). When she says You hold me without touch, she is saying that she can feel him even though he is not there. You keep me without chains, means that he can control her without him even trying to. The last two lines can be translated into that she has a strong feeling to want to be embraced in his love and not feel like she cant have it. The reason for this is because when you are drowning, you are fully covered in water, and when you are being rained on, you just get glimpse of water and youre not fully drenched in it. The chorus of the song is Set me free, leave me be, I dont wanna fall another moment into your gravity, Here I am and I stand so tall, Im just the way Im supposed to be, But youre on to me and all over me (lines 9-13). When the song goes into the verse, it seems that the song is switching gears a little bit. She wants to be set free from this force that she is feeling. She doesnt want to be pulled into him anymore. She wants to be her own person without him, but she feels it may be impossible to stop this force. The third verse is You loved me cause Im fragile, When I thought that I was strong, But you touch me for a little while, And all my fragile strength is gone (lines 14-17). She is saying that she thought she was strong enough to not need a man in her life, but she was actually weak, and all the strength she thought she had went away when the man came into her life. After the third verse the chorus repeats. The hook is I live here on my knees, As I try to make you see, That youre everything I think I need, Here on the ground, But youre neither friend nor for, Though I cant seem to let you go, The one think that I still k now, Is that youre keeping me down, Youre keeping me down (lines 18-26). This is the climax of the song. She is explaining that maybe she thinks she needs to have him in her life. He is not a friend or an enemy, but she cant let him not be a part of her life, because he is what keeps her sane. This song goes through multiple ups and downs. The artist seems to not be sure what this man is to her in her life, but in the end she comes to the conclusion that he is what keeps her grounded.

A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams Essay -- A Streetcar Na

A Streetcar Named Desire From the beginning, the three main characters of Streetcar are in a state of tension. Williams establishes that the apartment is small and confining, the weather is hot and oppressive, and the characters have good reason to come into conflict. The South, old and new, is an important theme of the play. Blanche and her sister come from a dying world. The life and pretensions of their world are becoming a thing of memory: to drive home the point, the family mansion is called "Belle Reve," or Beautiful Dream. The old life may have been something beautiful, but it is gone forever. Yet Blanche clings to pretensions of aristocracy. She is now as poor as Stanley and Stella, but she cannot help but look down on the humble Kowalski apartment. Stanley tells her that she'll probably see him as "the unrefined type." The differences between them, however, are more complex and volatile than a matter of refinement. Desire is central to the play. Blanche is unable to come to terms with the force of her own desire. She is clearly repelled and fascinated by Stanley at the same time. And though she stayed behind and took care of the family while Stella ran off to find a new life, Blanche is both angry and jealous of Stella's choice: she seems a bit fixated on the idea of Stella sleeping with her "Polack." Stella has chosen a life built around her powerful sexual relationship with Stanley. Blanche is both repulsed by and jealous of the choice. . The play is haunted by mortality. Desire and death and loneliness are played off against each other again and again. The setting is one of decay; the dying Old South and the dying DuBois family make for a macabre and unsettling background. Blanche's first monologue is a rather graphic description of tending to the terminally ill. There is also the specter of Blanche's husband, who died when they were both very young; indeed, Blanch still refers to him as a "boy." Another symbol is the meat: Stanley enters carrying a package of bloody meat, like a hunter coming home from a day of work. Stanley is a superb specimen of primitive, unthinking, brutal man. The meat-tossing episode is seen as humorous by Eunice and the Negro Woman, who infer a sexual innuendo from the incident. Apparently, it is obvious to the neighbors that the sexual bond between Sta... ...us line is full of terrible irony. It is true that Blanche has often depended on the kindness of strangers, but all of them have abused and abandoned her. In the end, even her own sister has betrayed her. Her fragility, her inability to fend for herself, and her self- deception have brought her to madness. The representative of the new man, Stanley, is more ape than knight. But Blanche's line is earnest in that it shows her terrible loneliness. For so long, she has known only strangers; young girl in a house full of the dying, and then a woman losing her looks seeking protection from callous men. Her tragedy will for the most part be forgotten. Stella is crying, but she has nonetheless decided to stay with Stanley. She also will have to busy herself with caring for the baby. The other men have callously chosen to go on with their poker game on this day, denying Blanche the dignity of being taken away in private. The Old South dies, and the New South does not mourn her passing. Everyone is going to move on: as the play ends, Steve is already dealing a new hand. Sources:Streetcar Named Desired by Tenesse Williams Northon Anthology www.Sparknotes.com www.classicnotes.com

La Llorona, an Oral Tradition

The legend of La Llorona Lechner, J. V. (2004). Allyn & Bacon anthology of traditional literature. Boston: Pearson A and B. Lyons, G. (1972). Tales the people tell in Mexico. New York: J. Messner. The legend of La Llorona (The weeping woman) is a well known Hispanic tale in the Southwestern part of the United States, Mexico, Central and South America and also Puerto Rico. Many versions of the story exist allowing them to fit the community where the story is being told. The story is about a beautiful woman named Maria from a town near the present day city of Monterrey, NL.Mexico. She falls in love with a handsome revolutionary Sergeant that was passing by during the Independence War of Mexico from Spain that occurred in the 1800s. They marry each other and have three children, due to the traveling of the revolution her husband is always absent. One day he comes back with another women to visit his children and pays no attention to Maria the whole visit. In furry of the event she takes her children to a nearby river and drowns them; blaming her children for her husband leaving.She then comes to realization of the horrible mistake she has done and the water takes her kids out of her hands. She begins to yell â€Å"Ay, mis hijos! † meaning â€Å"Oh, my children! † and decides to kill herself. It's been told that her grief was so great that it was carried with her after death and since then she has been looking for her children in areas where water is near. It is said that every foggy night around eleven she will wonder the area and pick up kids who are walking or outside near water. The legend is used to scare children away from water areas at night and staying out to late.One of the characteristics that we find in the genre of legends and the story of La Llorona is that they are told and received as truths and are set in a historical point of view. Lechner says in her book that people tell legends because they often endure because they convey somethi ng important about the community's values, perception of who they are, or concerns for their safety and well-being. It is very clear that safety is a concern when keeping the story alive of La Llorona to the children. I decided to chose The legend of La Llorona after reading the fifth chapter f the book Allyn & Vacon anthology on traditional literature because after finishing the story it reminded me of my childhood growing up in Mexico. To refresh my memory I also read Tales the people tell in Mexico, called my parents, and called my brother asking for their version of the story. Even though it is a tragic and sad story to be told I believe is a great story to keep alive telling and retelling not just among my own culture but to share it with other people whom may not be familiar with the story.I think it might even be a great ghost story to be told in the middle of a woods at a bong fire and if a river or creek is nearby you might even get to hear her torturing weeping noise of â €Å"Ay mis hijos†. I also had a firsthand experience with La Llorona while growing up. In a dark foggy night I decided to follow my older brother Francisco and his friends into a nearby woodlands. I had heard that they had built a secret wooden house and created a swing that was used to jump off into a small river which was the motivation of my secret following. After a couple of minutes of following from the distance I had lost them due to excess fog.I found myself alone in the middle of the woods when I started to hear some weeping sounds. At first those sounds were unclear and I couldn't distinguish them but as the seconds went by it sounded louder and louder until I clearly heard â€Å"Ay mis hijos! Ay mis hijos! † meaning â€Å"Oh, my children! † I then noticed a body of a women wearing a white dress floating on top of the low fog coming in my direction, I could say that is where I developed my talent as a runner because I made it back to my house in a flas h. After that I never wondered the woods alone at nights and respected the legend of La Llorona.

Skype and the Japanese Market

Skype and the Japanese Market Introduction The growth of Skype in the world market has been great. This is especially in Japan that has become vital to Skypes business. There have been an increase in the rate of calls in the recent past and the growth of the Skype market has been due to the use of disruptive technology to market itself.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Skype and the Japanese Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The VoIP has been the main disruptive technology in the market as it creates room for reduced cost prices in making calls. This service has hindered the mobile phone business and Skype has been able to take advantage of this technology to market itself. However, the Skype market faces stiff competition from the mobile services in Japan. According to Abell, the VoIP form of disruptive technology provides more services other than the free calls over the Internet such as the more reliable features that have attract ed customers to start using the technology. Most of the Japanese population is composed of business people who spend longer working hours on the Internet and this provides a convenient way to reach their clients. Skype has become an important communication tool in the present society over the world. The functionality in this application has been vital in bringing in more customers. Skype has been more successful with the use of disruptive technology mainly the voice communication globally but this has not been accredited to financial success (34). He continues to assert that Skype brings in a technology that is ever changing. This application is more suited for the social interaction. Nevertheless, Skype is the leader in the use of VoIP disruptive technology in the present world economy. This company has enjoyed a competitive advantage in the technology arena and has good marketing strategies. The rise of Skype has been just through mass marketing of its products. Moreover, the succ ess of Skype is because of its customer approach form of business and has a feedback channel where the consumers have to write about their satisfaction of Skypes high quality products (36). Skype is aiming towards the developing markets such as the one represented by Japan for its disruptive technology business. There have been varied views from the mobile operators over the Internet communication. VoIP has not been fully legalized in most of the world states while in others it has.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, few companies have realized the importance of this service with an aim to deal with the revenue losses in their organizations. Few companies have therefore partnered with Skype in an effort to get Internet communications at reduced risk. Some of the companies include KDDI that came into partnership with Skype. This Japanese company has e nabled its market to use Internet communications more easily and cost effectively. Partnership solves the issue of different pricing and customer segmentation in an easy way. Successful partnership with an organization is down to how established the given producing organization is and the robustness of its VoIP (Angelov 176). Skype has been the most successful and most companies prefer its partnership because of its popularity. Moreover, regarding revenue generated, Skype’s methods are not that diversified. They derive revenues from the voice and data communications in the private and business customers. Nevertheless, the Skype-Skype communication has no revenue but more of its revenue coming from the â€Å"Skype Out† application and other value added services. VoIP and Skype The use of VoIP by Skype has been legalized in several countries including Japan. The use of VoIP has for some time been seen as a threat to the existing mobile phone business and its now been see n as an important part of business and Skype has taken advantage of this business. Many policy makers in Japan have been working on how to implement this disruptive technology. Skype being one of the major implementers of this technology faces several challenges. The success of this technology change has been down to the lower costs as these IP networks offer less costs (Bower 75). It is also cost effective to Skype as the need to change the traffic onto one network is not a problem. Consequently, the success of this service in the Skype industry has been brought about by the variety of services it brings, and bringing together voice, data and images. This service has brought into existence other services such as the push-to-talk and integrated cellular networks. Other changes that can be accredited to this service of wireless technology are the opportunity it can bring to many businesses enabling them to do things in a cost effective manner and in a different way.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Skype and the Japanese Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More VoIP as a Disruptive Technology Grey Markets as Competitors. For long, the grey markets in the world have given the mobile phone services a great competition. This is mostly not seen by many as a threat to this kind of business and the monopolies have greatly suffered. The grey market in the long run has forced the prices of the call rates to go down to certain levels and the consumers have been able to enjoy the call rates without knowing the reason behind this form of practice (Christensen 80). The rise of the disruptive technologies has changed the way modern business is being conducted and the form of living of the human beings. Other examples include the GPS tracking systems; handheld devices and wireless form of communication are gaining the market. The VoIP has had a great consequence in terms of the business deal. This has forced the world companies to take a look at this technology and prepare in the most efficient manner for the future as the traditional form of business and communication are long overdue. This form of communication is not like the normal phone service that calls for digital communication over a broadband that is network enabled. This form of communication is effective and does not charge for long distances just like the regular phone communication. This form of communication is advanced and the traditional phone services do not have such features in the VoIP (Ellis 56). Features such as conferencing, calling from PC, have been added to this technology in recent times. However, in making a VoIP call one has to face a challenge of choosing the required network and this is not an easy task to plug into the Internet. This has forced companies to opt for a private network for communication as it connects faster and easily. Price wars have been the basis of this technology and have been on the rise. The voice market business has found itself in the market today. There are different prices for the wholesale and retail prices of the VoIP in the world and this has brought competition in the globe. Therefore, the different calling rates in the retail and the wholesale are the basis for the increase of the VoIP international calling. These differences bring into the market unbalanced competition in the VoIP markets (Fowler 35). For example, an individual caller in the retail rate might need between $0. 5 to make a call to the US while in Japan but the same call can be purchased by an operator at a wholesale rate of around $1 and this has made the operator buying the VoIP at a wholesale price enjoy a monopoly because of the varied prices.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, even though there is a competition between the grey markets and other mobile phone services, it is limited. This is because such business is under control from the authorities unlike in the wholesale and retail call rate prices in the VoIP. Different countries have different strategies to filter traffic to make calls over the Internet difficult and this is the task given to the grey market operators and this is a blow for the Skype Company. Most jurisdictions have the same penalties for the VoIP calling like those of the drug traffickers. However, even though these limitations exist the level of use of the VoIP is still increasing. Several operators of the VoIP services rebuilding on their tariffs to be the same with the costs incurred in giving of services and to be able to compete with the grey market. The competition in the voice markets has reduced the international rates and the variety of the operators forced by law to that their tariffs are in line within a given per iod might make this business of VoIP not to be sustainable (Gilbert 28). Reduction in International Call Prices. The level of competition of the VoIP from the grey market is due to the retail price in international calling. A market analysis over a two year period shows the general trend in the international retail calling. However, prices in the international call rates have reduced in several countries globally (Goncalves 142). International Retail Prices Percentage Above US$1 per minute US25c-US$1 per minute Below US 25 cents Years from 2004 to 2012 100 ‘04 90 ‘05 80 ‘06 70 ‘07 60 ‘08 50 ‘09 40 ‘10 30 ‘11 20 ‘12 10 The table indicates a drop on the cost of making calls to outside countries in terms of the dollar. This is because of the emergence of Skype’s VoIP communication that affects other international call rates. Research shows that there are around 20 count ries that charge below 25 cents a minute. This seems to be the general price unless there is the introduction of competition. However, in markets that have legalized VoIP communication the mobile phone operators have been forced to compete with the lower prices and have the reduction of their international call rates. For example, the rates in Japan range from 20-25 cents per minute. Clearly, this shows an increase in traffic regarding the minutes of a call and this might have acted in a way to outweigh the loss of income in the reduction of call rates. Even with this rate of collapse of the international rate is still increasing. The grey market price for an operator may be between 0.04 and 0.05 cents for every minute. This is a clear indication that evened the retail prices falling below $25 will still allow the grey market to operate. However, in countries where the VoIP is legalized the price wars move from the international to the national level (Greene 28). PC-PC Calling. The grey market competition seems to have been neutralized by the introduction of the PC-to-PC calling. This is due to the partnership of Skype and the Net 2 Phone. The use of this service has tremendously increased. Other alliances that have emerged to make the application stronger in the market include Motorola as they aim to gain the market segment (Luxembourg 35). This form of communication is free and critics argue how the companies make money. This service is possible through Skype out service centers that enable the communication at low rates. Skype manages this communication by having a unified call rate to a few popular destinations. The main purpose of this service is to call the landlines. With this service, the Skype Company takes into account where a client is calling to and not where they are calling from. Skype has managed to be successful with this application and the partnership it has had in the market. Skypes Market Segments There need to be considerations when a give n organization chooses to partner with the Internet Communications provider. The robustness of the provider is a key requirement; however customer segmentation is a need. Skype is segmented and needs integration, management capabilities and have a stronger support while the lower segment requires social networking or the video call capabilities. The partnership of the Skype Company and the KDDI made it to change into Smartphone business to be in the market as the Japanese were fond of this mobile phone. With Smartphone strategic plan, the KDDI managed to introduce the IS-series Android type. However, this type of business had given the mobile operators a hard time in differentiating it (Fowler 56). Partnering with Skype was as a result of the difficulties its customers had, thus with Skype there was a new idea in the market of freshness, connectedness, and being free of charge. However, most mobile phone operators have cited the issue of free-of-charge voice calls as a great risk to their businesses. However, the use of Skype brings into it good Internet communications software services and more features and applications. Greene states that despite the concern over voice cannibalization by Skype, the KDDI Company in Japan still had to choose its partnership with Skype because: (1) Skype was more popular among the youths. Since KDDI was moving into the Japanese market for the first time, there was a need for partnership with a company that had been in the market for long, (2) Skype has a greater market share and there are priorities for growth, (3) Skype has a greater revenue turn out and most companies view it as the most preferred partner. Skypes partnership with KDDI can be viewed as an opportunity for it to offer new features and services that might not be available to its competitors. The difference with the Skype platform with KDDIs network was the combination of the two that allowed customers to interconnect through the network and this caused high voice quality and definitely good service delivery. The integration of the two platforms of Skype and KDDI was termed as Skype on au (Goncalves 142). This integration is differentiated with that of other networks through the high quality service offered. Therefore KDDI has a 3M strategy of multi-network, multi-device, and multi-use derived from Skype. Other strategies of branding from Skype have enabled to market KDDIs Smartphone product. The Skype application installed with the KDDI Smartphone help in marketing as it focuses on the younger generation. Partnering of KDDI with Skype has enabled the company to attract more customers, and the important trend they have come up with in the mobile industry (Ellis 56). Marketing concepts have changed and the market is more concerned about the software rather than the hardware and this gives Skype an opportunity of differentiation of the varied online products and the importance of integration of service delivery. Opportunities and Threats for S kype The application software allows its users to make voice calls over the Internet. The calls made within the Skype platform are not charged while those calls made to other traditional landline telephones and other mobile phones are chargeable. This service has become more popular all over the world because of its application features that have been popular among the youth. The features include: Instant messaging, file transfer, and video conferencing. The high rate of increase of popularity among the world users gives this service provider an opportunity to get more profits from the clients on the use of this service. Clearly, research shows that the traditional telecom service providers depend on their fixed line services, but this business has been on the decline due to Skypes competition (Abell 67). Moreover, the Skype service providers have managed to be in business through their additional service of offering Internet access service to their clients through the copper line. In addition, the variety of products the company is able to offer has enabled them to have an added advantage over their competitors and this gives them an opportunity to leverage and attract more customers thus creating loyalty among the consumers. Other operators within this service have given the consumers more play packages including the VoIP, HSI8, and IPTV. These services can be important for them to manage the competition from the cable and satellite providers who offer triple play package too. Moreover, the disruptive technology of offering IP and other products has been an opportunity for Skype to make more profits and advance its market. In addition, the use of VoIP service has been on an alarming rate and this has given Skype an opportunity to have several multiple dedicated networks in a more cost effective way and plan to update to the NGN9 (Bower 75). Skype has also advanced its technology to coming up with services running over IP through the use of the copper line th at seem to be the upcoming innovation. Moreover, the organization can have opportunities in the economies of scale and move ahead of its competitors. The services that run on the VoIP will also be a benefit to her clients that are after higher quality and more advanced services. Consumers believe that the use of VoIP service is the convenient and easy way to make voice calls while the IPTV will be much better choice for the Skype customers. The limitations of the bandwidth are a great fear for investors as they feel this might be a risky form of business. This therefore scares away investors that are a blow to the Skype Company. The services offered over the VoIP are calls for high bandwidth. The high requirement of the bandwidth is a problem in the market expansion and brings the issue of traffic when giving services over the VoIP. Skype also faces stiff competition in its services from Yahoo. Yahoo has the startup Jajah service. Another competitor is Lycos that released a VoIP P2P solution that requires no cost to make voice calls. Yahoos Jajah is a great competitor for Skype because it is being sponsored by Silicon Valley venture firm that has more cash and this markets Yahoos product. Moreover, the increase in technology implies that Skype faces the security issue in its service delivery. There is growing concern for Skype to take its security with great care and the hackers might get into their system (Christensen 85). The external changes such as the government policies, politics and taxes have for long been a threat to the investment of Skype. The government policies for example in Japan affect the profitability of Skype since decisions made by the government tend to favor the mobile operators and this affects the capital availability, cost of production and the demand for its services and products. The low demand in this country has been due to the government policies that bring down the cost of capital thus making the investment more difficult. Moreov er, the government is responsible for the tax rates in a country. This has been a threat for Skype as it influences the economic conditions of a country. If the economy of a country is growing, there is a possibility of increased demand for the Skype products that would not be the case for poor economies. Nevertheless, the opportunity to use a particular strategy in the market may succeed and this will entirely rely on demand that is available in good economies and unavailable in a recession time. Although the recession may provide opportunities for some organizations while making other going out of business it is a great threat to Skypes market growth. The economic conditions of a country are affected by the governments policy and political influences. Moreover, the exchange rates affect Skypes growth because the number of goods imported or exported may be expensive or cheap depending on the exchange rate currency. Skype and the Japanese Market Market Overview Skype is among the mo st growing companies at a great rate. In the past 2 years and with its limited market resources it has been able to register over 50 million users. To this day Skype has been more successful in its VoIP service (Angelov 175). Before, Skype introduced the voice communication over the Internet Net2Phone was the leading service provider of VoIP. However, at present Net2Phone has lost its market. The decline in Net2Phone is a demonstration of the success of Skype. Market Strategy The company plans to introduce corporate subscription packages that shall come with new IT tools for managers, and televisions well suited for teleconferencing. According to a research, 40 percent of Skypes users are business people and, hence it has come up with a strategy to create quality services to these groups of clients since most of the registered users who are found on Skype are family and friends who communicate for long hours without paying (Abell 66). This strategy will cause a segmented group and w ill enable the company to make profit other than being concerned with the family and friends group of customers that spend long hours on the voice call communication for free. Moreover, it introduced the smart voucher technology in Japan to gain market growth. Conclusion The value proposition of Skype is not still performing as compared to the traditional Telco. However, Skype is able to take advantage of its Skype-Skype communication in terms of the price advantage. In terms of customer segmentation, Clearly, Skype’s market entry was based on the traditional adopters and clients from the developing countries. However, Skype can increase her market coverage and take advantage over her competitors by the value proposition that has a fair price than the traditional Telco. Nevertheless, there are a number of opportunities for Skype to increase her market such as in the distribution channels. The present strategy enables Skype to incur no cost in marketing and it depends on the l ow cost viral marketing. However, due to the limited distribution channels Skype is still a mile away from taking over the important market segments in Japan and the world. More expansions are moreover, expected with the channel strategy that the company established. The company still faces challenges in customer relationship management and this can be a hindrance to its expansion. Social Networking Overview The social networking service has transformed the way people communicate with each other. This is especially common to the young ages that are active on the Internet and the use of this technology is on the rise. The rapid growth of this service is due to the introduction of new mobile service with plenty of features. The young age in this generation makes up a great segment for any kind of business opportunity that is to be introduced and these benefits the new and upcoming services that uses this site for their campaigns and business strategies (Angelov 175). According to an O fcoms recent research there are several adults who use the social networking site in the world. However, this report contradicts other research such as the ComScore that recorded the youth as the most active members of social networking. To be able to secure ones information, there is the need for privacy and this site comes with features such as permissions to gain access to given pages within its application. One can control the persons whom, they want to gain access to their profiles, information, and other forms of information. Even though the level of control may differ from service to service in general, but the application allows members to keep their information private and is available only if the user gives permission to gain access to (Ellis 57). Moreover, this application restricts one from seeing the information on your profile and to be available to the signed members only and those in the user contact list. However, one can be able to make their information public so that all groups of people can see if they prefer the same. These permissions allow users to manage a variety of relationships online and their presence on the Internet and the public. Some of the social networking sites include Facebook launched in 2004, YouTube in 2005, and Twitter in 2006. However, these sites to present have several users and their valuation of billions of US dollars. This is vital development and cannot be seen in any other line of business. Twitter Description. In this model I shall be focusing on the use of social network for marketing. My marketing plan is based on micro blogging platform that makes it possible for users to share messages with each other (Bower 77). Twitter has multitude users all over the world; the service is mostly used in North America as research indicates. However, Twitter is popular in other areas such as Japan where the organization introduced a new version. There is still an increase of Twitter users in the US. Despite the slow growt h of Twitter it is less popular as compared to the other social sites such as Facebook and MySpace. Business Models Service Design. I will come up with a home page describing my profile. The twitter application allows members to tweet and send messages directly to other users. One can be able to send messages to all the followers. This concept of followers is quite different from the one used in Facebook, LinkedIn, or Plaxo (Angelov 175). These other social sites use friends who can be able to send messages to each other. In this design of followers one can be able to follow a user even without the acceptance of them. This implies that it is possible for a user to have more followers that they do not follow themselves. Even though other social service providers can gain access to the Internet, Twitter service is designed as a mobile service. The homepage for the users is made in such a way that they can be gain access to the mobile phone and the tweets are limited in character form so that they can be sent through messages in an easy way. In this way, businesses are able to post on their homepage and are followed and the business is able to inform their clients about its progress and new products in the market. Several businesses have been successful through this method of campaigns for their business as they are able to connect to their customers by twitter (Goncalves 142). Organizational Design. The value chain for advertising shall involve: Twitter, then the application homepage, access providers and then the others. Through this I will be able to create and share ideas with my clients. Several people have moved to twitter as a most effective way to reach to their customers. Twitter does not depend on other companies for other services and this service is an open platform that gives users access to the data and the third parties can be able to develop application on the twitter platform. The application add-on that has been developed include: Browser plug- ins, photo and video sharing applications that make it easy for the use of mobile and computers. Moreover, users can be able to include consumers and other businesses through twitter which is the ideal channel for marketing. Users can be categorized as: Broadcasters who are the most followed group than they follow themselves. Also there is the acquaintances group such as the private users who are the online social network users. Nevertheless, there are users who follow a higher number of people than those following them such as the spammers that want more contacts. Broadcasters include the online radio stations, which are able to advertise businesses and provide news (Gilbert 28). Financial design. The revenue that twitter generates is quite limited. It comes from the tweet sending and receiving; however, this is a small cost service. Twitter does not charge for the advertisements. The application developers generate revenues, and the tweets twitter shares its revenue with the Twitt er Company. Nevertheless, fees imposed on businesses are a possible source of revenue for this company. Target Market I wish to target all groups of people but more so focus on the youth. Most of the people who spend long hours on the Internet are the youth and the features of their applications are suited for the youth. The use of Twitter is of great value to the business people as they are able to create homepages about their companies so that they can be followed by the twitter users. Nevertheless, the youth want to keep in touch with their friends in various parts of the world and these acts as the best way to connect with them. Value Proposition My strategy of using social networking takes the social interest of customers into great concern. It is possible for one to follow other groups that they do not know on twitter unlike Facebook that is potentially lucrative (Abell 60). This implies that unlike Facebook that is based on the ideas of all its members, Twitters interest grap h varies from the people one knows in real life. Twitter is hence built on a social graph that is one way following rather than a two way. It is possible to follow a person who does not even know you are following them. This will be helpful in my marketing strategy. This social site is moreover organized in the shared interest rather than personal relationships. The site is also inspirational and public by default (Bower 75). Thus twitter has higher chances of capitalizing on the social interest of its members unlike other social sites such as Facebook. Goal My goal of this marketing strategy is to be able to involve the youth in my marketing plan. The use of social site such as twitter can help boost my business of the DVD music seller whose customers seem to be the youth. The use of the social networking site for marketing will break the long chains required in marketing and it is cost effective. More so, it is social than other sites and that makes it possible for me to have a lo t of followers. Campaign Structure I intend to use tweeting to connect with my clients. I will be logged into my account full-time so that I can be able to reply to my clients. The number of people who visit my shop for purchase of the mobile phones will be an indication of my success in this strategy. Conclusion The use of social networking in marketing is a good strategy since one is able to communicate with the clients in real time. The advertisements are not charged and the business is able to cover on the advertised cost. The changes in technology enable most businesses to succeed because most people are turning to the Internet for information. Abell, John. Skype Means Business. Washington DC: Sloan Publishers. 2002. Print. Angelov, Berlin. â€Å"Fusion of Disruptive Technologies: Lessons from the Skype Case†. European Management Journal, 24.23 (2006): 174-188. Bower, Joan. â€Å"Disruptive Technologies Catching the wave†. Harvard Business Review,  22. 23 (2008 ): 74-88. Christensen, Cullen. The Great Disruption: Japanese Market. NY: Council on Foreign Relations. 2001. Print. Ellis, Mullin. â€Å"Skype in the Classroom, Think In: A Teaching with Technology Showcase,† Online Journal, 2.5 (2010): 56-9 Fowler, Paddy. â€Å"Skype Targets Businesses to Ring up New Revenue†. Wall Street Journal, 8.9 (2008): 34-56 Gilbert, Curl. The Disruption Opportunity: Japan Case Study Review. USA: Sloan. 1998. Print. Goncalves, Rice. â€Å"Skype and the New Regulatory Framework†. Communication Strategies, 59.3 (2009): 141-143. Greene, Tony. Skype for Business sounds the all-clear on legal pitfalls. USA: Sloan Management. 2000. Print Luxembourg, Jasner. â€Å"Skype tests software for mass-market mobile phones†. Wall Street Journal, 8.9 (2006): 34-56.

Free Essays on DWI

In the 1950’s, consequences were nothing compared to present day consequences for drinking and driving. Why do underage drinkers feel they have to drive after drinking? What are the consequences currently if you drink and drive? What are the consequences going to be in fifty years? I believe that in this world there should be more consequences for one that drinks and drives. I think that underage drinkers feel they have to drive home for the night so they don’t get caught either by parents or the authorities. Male drivers age 16 to 20 have six times the driver fatality risk in single vehicle crashes at BAC’s (Blood Alcohol Concentration) of .01 to .04 compared to male drivers age 25 and older at these low levels. (Council 1) There is a law now called the Zero-Tolerance Law, which states that any underage drinker caught driving automatically loses their license till they are 21. The required BAC is .02 for the zero tolerance law. It is not worth getting behind the wheel after you have been drinking. Very recently the legal BAC has changed from .10 to .08.The consequences for a person who is convicted of a DWI is 90 days suspended license, mandatory 3 days in jail, anywhere from a $250-$2500 fine, plus your vehicle is impounded for 30 days. If we were to compare the drinking and driving laws in the 1950’s to today, we have to think what they are going to be like 50 years from now. In Germany they put you to death if they are convicted of a DWI. Is that going to be the case for the USA? What direction are our consequences going to go? A slap on the wrist, education about drinking or straight to death after conviction? I believe the police officer’s intentions were good when he decided to pull me over, because others drunk drivers have killed people. The consequences are unknown until you get caught. Then you start to think of how many times you have actually committed it before. A fifteen-dollar cab fare i... Free Essays on DWI Free Essays on DWI In the 1950’s, consequences were nothing compared to present day consequences for drinking and driving. Why do underage drinkers feel they have to drive after drinking? What are the consequences currently if you drink and drive? What are the consequences going to be in fifty years? I believe that in this world there should be more consequences for one that drinks and drives. I think that underage drinkers feel they have to drive home for the night so they don’t get caught either by parents or the authorities. Male drivers age 16 to 20 have six times the driver fatality risk in single vehicle crashes at BAC’s (Blood Alcohol Concentration) of .01 to .04 compared to male drivers age 25 and older at these low levels. (Council 1) There is a law now called the Zero-Tolerance Law, which states that any underage drinker caught driving automatically loses their license till they are 21. The required BAC is .02 for the zero tolerance law. It is not worth getting behind the wheel after you have been drinking. Very recently the legal BAC has changed from .10 to .08.The consequences for a person who is convicted of a DWI is 90 days suspended license, mandatory 3 days in jail, anywhere from a $250-$2500 fine, plus your vehicle is impounded for 30 days. If we were to compare the drinking and driving laws in the 1950’s to today, we have to think what they are going to be like 50 years from now. In Germany they put you to death if they are convicted of a DWI. Is that going to be the case for the USA? What direction are our consequences going to go? A slap on the wrist, education about drinking or straight to death after conviction? I believe the police officer’s intentions were good when he decided to pull me over, because others drunk drivers have killed people. The consequences are unknown until you get caught. Then you start to think of how many times you have actually committed it before. A fifteen-dollar cab fare i...

Relationship marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Relationship marketing - Essay Example It also entails additional risk when compared to domestic marketing. Many factors like culture, statutory obligations, working styles and environment, availability of technology and skilled manpower, and a host of other factors have to be taken into account. This paper is a study of relationship marketing in the context of retail trade in international markets. In the process it will provide a broad outlook on the various factors that a company has to take into account to be successful in international markets. Baker quoting Moller and Wilson defines this concept as â€Å"understanding, creating, and managing exchange relationships between economic partners, manufacturers, service providers, various channel partners, and final consumers† (Baker 2003, 33). In effect relationship marketing is just not about having profitable and mutually beneficial relationships between the retailer and the end consumer. Christopher et al, states that there are six different markets to be analyzed, referred to as the ‘six market domains’. They are customer, recruitment, referral, internal, influence, supplier & alliance markets (Christopher, Payne & Ballantyne 2002, 202). Most of these terms are self-explanatory and hence some examples of a couple of markets is given here. According to the authors, Mercedes, Rolex, and Dell are examples of products that benefit from referral sales. Influence markets are those where a company needs to exert influence on a person, organization, trade unions , or even government. The authors illustrate this with the example of how Johnson & Johnson managed the Tylenol disaster. The company managed to save its international reputation through practical and effective steps. International marketing can have different dimensions or approaches. According to Doole & Lowe, companies can just market their products internationally which is the simplest form of such marketing. In a more complex approach, companies set up their own manufacturing, and

Federal Governmant (Specific topic is listed below) Term Paper

Federal Governmant (Specific topic is listed below) - Term Paper Example The crime authority personnel or the lawyer can also call you whenever needed in the case in order to have relevant information about the incident even if you are not present in the location where the incident happened but have relevant information about it. Among the duties, one of the duties relates to taxes also. It is the constitutional duty of all American citizens to pay taxes. Taxes are necessary to ensure that various services can be provided, such as national defense, infrastructure, public works, government operations and more. Another duty is, when the male citizens of America become 18 years of old, then they must register themselves with the Selective Service System. This is the way the government draft the number of citizens who are eligible for service.1 A citizen of United States is being defined as someone who is born over there, within the jurisdiction of the United States of America or its territories. The body of the original Constitution comprises of three branches, that is, the Legislative, Judicial and the Executive. The rights of all citizens are outlined in the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights.2 Four years after the ratification of the Constitution, the Bill of Rights was added, when the farmers realized their omission for the citizens. All the 10 amendments were added at the same time while the remaining 17 amendments outlined various other changes. The First Amendment protects the freedom of all citizens to practice the religion of their choice or not practice any religion, freedom of speech, freedom to address the government and freedom of the press. The Second Amendment protects the right of all citizens to own guns, although it is still unclear whether this amendment means individual citizens or state militias. The Third Amendment protects citizens from being forced to feed and to give shelter

Problem Set Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Problem Set - Assignment Example The old formula works better. Two people who took the old formula felt relief in less than 20 minutes, compared to none who took the new formula. Also, the worst result – near 120 minutes - was the new formula. The average time for the new formula to relieve a headache is lower than the average time for the old formula. I would conclude that people taking the new formula will tend to feel relief about 20 minutes sooner than those taking the old formula. The number of patients in the two groups is not the same so there is no fair way to compare the two formulas. A baseball fan likes to keep track of statistics for the local high school baseball team. One of the statistics she recorded is the proportion of hits obtained by each player based on the number of times at bat as shown in the table below. Which of the following graphs gives the best display of the distribution of the proportion of hits in that it allows the baseball fan to describe the shape, center, and spread of the variable, proportion of hits? Reasons: For item No. 6: The percentage of scores having 30 or below is about half of the lower 25% as the box both for section 1 and 2 as shown in their respective boxplot. For item No. 7 The same as in No. 6. Since 80 is the median score the upper 50% are having scores 80 and above for both sections. For item No. 8 The best presentation is plotting the percentage of hits to the number of players who made it. Graph C best represents the trend. It tells how many students make the highest percentage hits, and so on and so forth.

Harvard Guide to Happiness, Freakonomics, Cant a Woman Be Einstein Essay Example for Free

Harvard Guide to Happiness, Freakonomics, Cant a Woman Be Einstein Essay The methods suggested from a research conducted over 10 years on 1,600 Harvard students are relevant today more than ever. The global trend of shift in workforce from manufacturing to white collar work necessitates workers obtain higher degrees of education. Individuals with higher education degree are more equipped with the capacity to better manage given tasks of the service sector employing analytical thinking. Workforce comprised of such highly educated individuals enhances competitiveness in the increasingly complex global economy. Thus the value of individual academic pursuit is critical in sustaining economic development of a nation. Assuming that students furthering their studies decide based on freewill, keeping students motivated is the key to encouraging them to pursue higher education. Basing on the results from the study, increasing interaction among the various elements within the school system such as faculty and peer-students propel students to achieve higher grades, become more intellectually engaged and increase their overall happiness. An NBER study of a group of Kenyan girls in 69 primary schools comparing those who were randomly selected to receive scholarships to those who did not receive any surprisingly concluded that greater education does not in fact lead to greater democracy. However I believe the relationship between education and democracy can either be strengthened or weakened based on the content of the education received by the citizens and how it is famed in the classroom setting. Education systems that emphasize and value freedom of expression through heated discussion among peers inevitably provide an opportunity for the students to experience democratic way of handling things. The way information was given to the young girls in Kenya and its substance may have been the reason in the failure of increased education to result in greater democracy. The essay that demonstrated that biological difference exists between male and female but does not suggest a difference in aptitude pose an important issue in the field of education. I agree that the results hint a change in the education system but I hesitate to agree with Leonard Sax in his belief that â€Å"coed schools do more harm than good†. The fact that current coed schools might not provide an environment for boys and girls to learn at the pace of their maturing brains does not necessitate those students to be educated in single-sex schools. The problem, if there is any, would lie in the lack of division of classes based on the level of each subject. Division of class in coed schools based on proficiency, for instance beginners, intermediate and advanced seems an appropriate response that effectively deals with the problem embraces outliers at the same time.

Plath’s Stings †An Analysis :: Stings Essays

Plath’s Stings – An Analysis  Ã‚   â€Å"Stings† is a feminist poem by Sylvia Plath. The last two stanzas are important in understanding Plath’s feeling while writing the poem. In lines fifty-one through sixty the speaker conveys that, although she may have been a drudge before, she will not be one any more. She refuses to submit to society and be a hard working drudge. The speaker believes she is more than that — perhaps even a queen: â€Å"They thought death was worth it, but I have a self to recover, a queen.† The speaker in the poem realizes that she has the potential to be a queen, and she didn't want to give up on that dream. She wanted to get away from her drudge-like surroundings that had once killed her spirit. She would ‘rise above the fray’ and get away from â€Å"the engine that killed her- the mausoleum, the wax house.† The beehive had become more of a prison, and she wants to get away from it very badly. The last two stanzas are important because they are metaphoric for the way women are suppressed and forced to stay at home — doing the cleaning and watching the children. It was considered wrong and out of the norm if a woman wished to get a career for her own. Plath is trying to tell us that women who have become â€Å"drudges† as a result of marriage have more potential than just being house keepers and baby-makers. Other stylistic elements that Plath uses include imagery and symbolism. She is very vivid in describing the way the bee looks in the last two stanzas: †With her lion-red body, her wings of glass.....red scar in the sky, red comet.† The words create a clear picture in of what she must have looks like, escaping the â€Å"mausoleum,† a symbol of the beehive and, therefore, of the speaker's entrapment. It â€Å"killed her,† or rather, killed her spirit.

Analysis of Cloud Computing Architectures

Laptops, PDA, and Smoothness's). Computational power and battery life s one of the major issues of these mobile devices. To overcome these problems clones of mobile devices are created on cloud servers. In this paper, we define clone cloud architecture and brutalized screen architecture in cloud computing. Clone Cloud is for the seamless use of ambient computation to augment mobile device applications, making them fast and energy efficient and in a Brutalized Screen; screen rendering is done in the cloud and delivered as images to the client for interactive display.This enables thin-client mobile devices to enjoy many computationally intensive and graphically rich services. Keywords: Cloud Computing, Service Models, Clone Cloud, Brutalized Screen l. Introduction Cloud Computing has been one of the most booming technology among the professional of Information Technology and also the Business due to its Elasticity in the space occupation and also the better support for the software and the Infrastructure it attracts more technology specialist towards it.Cloud plays the vital role in the Smart Economy, and the possible regulatory changes required in implementing better Applications by using the potential of Cloud The main advantage of the cloud is that it gives the low cost implementation for infrastructure and some higher business units like Google, MM, and Microsoft offer the cloud for Free of cost for the Education system, so it can be used in right way which will provide high quality education [3]. A.Cloud Computing Service Models Cloud computing can be classified by the model of service it offers into one of three different groups. These will be described using the AAAS taxonomy, first used by Scott Maxwell in 2006, where â€Å"X† is Software, Platform, or Infrastructure, and the final â€Å"S† is for Service. It is important to note, as shown in Figure, that AAAS is built on Pass, and the latter on alas. Hence, this is not an excluding approach to classification, but rather it concerns the level of the service provided.Each of these service models is described in the following subsection. [pick] Fig. 1 Cloud computing Architecture 1) alas (Infrastructure as a Service): The capability provided to the customer of alas is raw storage space, computing, or network resources with which the customer can run and execute an operating system, applications, or any software that they choose. The most basic cloud service is alas [7]. In this service, cloud providers offer computers as physical or as virtual machines and other resources. Pass (Platform as a Service): In the case of Pass, the cloud provider not only provides the hardware, but they also provide a toolkit and a number of supported programming languages to build higher level services. The users of Pass are typically software developers who host their applications on the platform and provide these applications to the end-users. In this service, cloud providers deliver a com puting platform including operating system, programming languages execution environment, database and web servers. ) AAAS (Software as a Service): The AAAS customer is an end-user of complete applications running on a cloud infrastructure and offered on a platform on-demand. The applications are typically accessible through a thin client interface, such as a web browser. In this service, cloud providers install and operate application software in the cloud and cloud users access the software from cloud clients. This service is based on the concept of renting software from a service provider rather than buying it.It is currently the most popular type of cloud computing because of its high flexibility, great services, enhanced capability and less maintenance. B. Deployment Models Clouds can also be classified based upon the underlying infrastructure deployment del as Public, Private, Community, or Hybrid clouds. The different infrastructure deployment models are distinguishing by thei r architecture, the location of the data center where the cloud is realized, and the needs of the cloud provider's customers [4]. Several technologies are related to cloud computing, and the cloud has emerged as a convergence of several computing trends. ) Types of Cloud Computing Environments: The cloud computing environment can consist of multiple types of clouds based on their deployment and usage [6]. Public Clouds This environment can be used by the general public. This includes individuals, corporations and other types of organizations. Typically, public clouds are administrated by third parties or vendors over the Internet, and services are offered on pay-per-use basis. These are also called provider clouds. Private Clouds A pure private cloud is built for the exclusive use of one customer, who owns and fully controls this cloud.Additionally, there are variations of this in terms of ownership, operation, etc. The fact that the cloud is used by a specific customer is the disti nguishing feature of any private cloud. This cloud computing environment sides within the boundaries of an organization and is used exclusively for the organization's benefits. These are also called internal clouds. Community Clouds When several customers have similar requirements, they can share an infrastructure and might share the configuration and management of the cloud.Hybrid Clouds Finally, any composition of clouds, be they private or public, could form a hybrid cloud and be managed a single entity, provided that there is sufficient commonality between the standards used by the constituent clouds. II. AUGMENTED EXECUTION OF SMART PHONES USING CLONE CLOUDS B Chunk,[10] introduce the concept of clone cloud. The idea of introducing this concept is to improving the performance of hardware limited smart phones by using their proposed clone cloud architecture.The core method is using virtual machine migration technology to offload execution blocks of applications from mobile devic es to Clone Cloud. Clone Cloud boosts unmodified mobile applications by off-loading the right portion of their execution onto device clones operating in a computational cloud. Conceptually, our system automatically transforms a single-machine execution (e. G. , computation on a smart phone) into a distributed execution optimized for the outwork connection to the cloud, the processing capabilities of the device and cloud, and the application's computing patterns.The underlying motivation for Clone Cloud lies in the following intuition: as long as execution on the clone cloud is significantly faster than execution on the mobile device (or more reliable, more secure, etc. ), paying the cost for sending the relevant data and code from the device to the cloud and back may be worth it [9]. Ill. CLONE CLOUD ARCHITECTURE The design goal for Clone Cloud is to allow such fine-grained flexibility on what to run where. Another design goal is to take the programmer out of the business of applica tion partitioning [10].In a Clone Cloud system, the ‘Clone' is a mirror image of a Semaphore running on a virtual machine. By contrast with smart phones, such a ‘clone' has more hardware, software, network, energy resources in a virtual machine which provides more suitable environment to process complicated tasks. In the diagram, a task in smart phone is divided into 5 different execution blocks (we mark them as different colors), and the smart phone is cloned (brutalized) as an image in distributed computing environment. Then the image passes some computing or energy-intensive blocks (the Green blocks) to cloud for processing.Once those execution blocks have been completed, the output will be passed from Clone Cloud to the Semaphore [11]. [pick] Fig. 2 Clone Cloud Architecture A major advantage of the Clone Cloud is enhanced smart phones performance. Bung takes a test by implementing a face tracking application in a smart phone with and without Clone Cloud. The result s hows that only 1 second is spent in Clone Cloud environment but almost 100 seconds in the smart phone without Clone Cloud. Another advantage of Clone Cloud is reduced battery consumption as smart phones o not use its CPU as frequently.The disadvantages of Clone Cloud are handover delay, bandwidth limitation. As we know that the speed of data transmission between smart phones and base station is not consistent (according to the situation), therefore, the Clone Cloud will be unavailable if mobile users walk in the signal's blind zone. A. Evaluation of Applications To evaluate the Clone Cloud Prototype, Bung-Goon Chunk [10] implemented three applications. We ran those applications either on a phone?a status quo, monolithic execution?or by optimally partitioning for two settings: one with Wi-If connectivity and one with 36.We implemented a virus scanner, image search, and privacy- preserving targeted advertising. The virus scanner scans the contents of the phone file system against a li brary of 1000 virus signatures, one file at a time. We vary the size of the file system between KBPS and 10 MBA. The image search application finds all faces in images stored on the phone, using a face-detection library that returns the mid-point between the eyes, the distance in between, and the pose of detected faces.We only use images smaller than KBPS, due to memory limitations of the Android face-detection library. We vary the number of images from 1 to 100. The privacy-preserving targeted- advertising application uses behavioral tracking across websites to infer the user's preferences, and selects ads according to a resulting model; by doing this tracking at the user's device, privacy can be protected. 1) Time Save Fig. 3 Mean execution times of virus scanning (VS.), image search (IS), and behavior profiling (BP) applications with standard deviation error bars, three input sizes for each.For each application and input size, the data shown include execution time at the phone al one, that of Clone Cloud with Wi-If (C-Wi-If), and that of Clone Cloud tit 36 (C-G). The partition choice is annotated with M for â€Å"monolithic† and O for â€Å"off-loaded,† also indicating the relative improvement from the phone alone execution 2) Energy Save Fig. 4 Mean phone energy consumption of virus scanning (VS.), image search (IS), and behavior profiling (BP) applications with standard deviation error bars, three input sizes for each.For each application and input size, the data shown include execution time at the phone alone, that of Clone Cloud with Wi-If (C-Wi-If), and that of Clone Cloud with 36 (C-G). The partition choice is annotated with M for â€Å"monolithic† and O for â€Å"off-loaded,† also indicating relative improvement over phone only execution. Fig. 3 and 4 shows execution times and phone energy consumption for the three applications, respectively. All measurements are the average of five runs. Each graph shows Phone, Clone Cloud with Wi-If (C-Wi-If), and Clone Cloud with 36 (C-G).C- Wi-If and C-G results are annotated with the relative improvement and the partitioning choice, whether the optimal partition was to run monolithically on the phone (M) or to off-load to the cloud (O). In the experiments, Wi-If had latency of moms and bandwidth of 6. Mbps, and 36 had latency of mass, and bandwidth of 0. Mbps. Clone Cloud chooses to keep local the smallest workloads from each application, deciding to off-load 6 out of 9 experiments with Wi-If. With 36, out of all 9 experiments, Clone Cloud chose to off-load 5 experiments.For off-loaded cases, each application chooses to offload the function that performs core computation from its worker thread: scanning files for virus signature matching for VS., performing image processing for IS, and computing similarities for BP. C Wi-If exhibits significant speed-ups and energy savings: xx, xx, and lox speed-up, and xx, xx, and xx less energy for the largest workload of each of the three applications, with a completely automatic modification of the application binary without programmer input.A clear trend is that larger workloads benefit from off-loading more: this is due to amortization of the migration cost over a larger computation at the clone that receives a significant speedup. A secondary trend is that energy consumption mostly follows execution time: unless the phone switches to a deep sleep state while the application is off-loaded at the clone, its energy expenditure is proportional to how long it is waiting for a response. When the user runs a single application at a time, deeper sleep of the phone may further increase observed energy savings.We note that one exception is C-G, where although execution time decreases, energy consumption increases slightly for behavior profiling with depth 4. We believe this is due to our coarse energy cost model, and only occurs for close decisions. C-G also exhibits xx, xx, and xx speed-up, and xx, xx, and xx less energy for the largest workload of each of the three applications. Lower gains can be explained given the overhead differences between Wi-If and 36 networks. As a result, whereas gyration costs about 15-25 seconds with Wi-If, it shoots up to 40-50 seconds with 36, due to the greater latency and lower bandwidth.In both cases, migration costs include a network-unspecific thread-merge cost? patching up references in the running address space from the migrated thread?and the network-specific transmission of the thread state. The former dominates the latter for Wife, but is dominated by the latter for 36. Our current implementation uses the DEFLATE compression algorithm to reduce the amount of data to send; we expect off-loading benefits to improve with other optimizations targeting the network overheads (in reticular, 36 network overheads) such as redundant transmission elimination.B. Problem in Clone Cloud The disadvantages of Clone Cloud are [1 1] handover delay, bandwidth limit ation. As we know that the speed of data transmission between Semaphore and base station is not consistent (according to the situation), therefore, the Clone Cloud will be unavailable if mobile users walk in the signal's blind zone. Offloading all applications from Semaphore to the cloud cannot be Justified for power consumption, especially for some lightweight applications which are suitable to be deployed in local smart phones. V.BRUTALIZED SCREEN Screen rendering [1 3] can also be moved to the cloud and the rendered screen can be delivered as part of the cloud services. In general, the screen represents the whole or part of the display images. In a broad sense, it also represents a collection of data involved in user interfaces such as display images, audio data, mouse, keyboard, pen and touch inputs, and other multiplicity inputs and outputs. Screen fertilization and screen rendering in the cloud doesn't always mean putting the entire screen-rendering task in the cloud.Depending on the actual situations?such s local processing power, bandwidth and delay of the network, data dependency and data traffic, and display resolution?screen rendering can be partially done in the cloud and partially done at the clients. A. Screen Fertilization Fig. 5 The Conceptual diagram of the cloud client computing architecture. Rendering a screen in the cloud also introduces obstacles for the client devices to access the virtual screen, if it needs to maintain high-fidelity display images and responsive user interactions.Fortunately, we have already developed a number of advanced multimedia and networking technologies to address these issues. Ultimately, we would like to define a common cloud API for cloud computing with scalable screen fertilization, with which the developers never have to care where the data storage, program execution, and screen rendering actually occur because the cloud services for the API will adaptively and optimally distribute the storage, execution, an d rending among the cloud and the clients. B.Remote Computing With Brutalized Screen The cloud-computing conceptual architecture depicted in Fig 5, we have developed a thin-client, remote-computing system that leverages interactive screen-removing cosmologies. Thin-client, remote-computing systems are expected to provide high- fidelity displays and responsive interactions to end users as if they were using local machines. However, the complicated graphical interfaces and multimedia applications usually present technical challenges to thin-client developers for achieving efficient transmissions with relatively low bandwidth links.Figure depicts the proposed thin-client, remote-computing Fig. 6 The interactive screen removing system System, which decouples the application logic (remote) and the user interface local) for clients to use remote servers deployed as virtual machines in the cloud. The servers and the clients communicate with each other over a network through an interactive screen-removing mechanism. The clients send user inputs to the remote servers, and the servers return screen updates to the clients as a response.